Across some countries, healthcare workers’ wages account for approximately 50% of the total healthcare expenditure. With the impending rise in demand for health services, an effective utilization of the workforce is paramount to ensure high-quality yet cost-effective health service delivery. In the USA, it is predicted that, compared to healthcare system’s demands, there will be a 22% shortfall of critical care physicians by 2020 and a subsequent 35% shortfall by 2030. This implementation accentuates inadequacies of the healthcare workforce to provide emergent and critical care services. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education regulations in 2006 in the United States of America (USA) recommends a high-intensity model of care involving 24-h physician coverage. Correspondingly, the demand for emergency and critical care services has increased, alongside a concomitant increase in the forecasted workforce requirements for such services. The complexity and acuity of care have heightened with greater prevalence of chronic illness and multimorbidity among older adults. While people of all ages receive emergency and critical care services across the world, the elderly population continues to exhaust a greater proportion of these services.
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